NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme found in all living cells that powers cellular energy production, DNA repair, and tissue regeneration. In cosmetics, it is utilized as an advanced anti-aging ingredient to combat fine lines, dullness, and loss of firmness by revitalizing skin cells and shielding them from oxidative stress. How NAD+ Benefits the Skin Cellular Energy: Fuels mitochondria to stimulate cell turnover and support collagen and elastin production. DNA Repair: Activates repair enzymes to mend skin damage induced by UV radiation and environmental pollutants. Barrier Function: Promotes lipid synthesis to lock in moisture and reduce transepidermal water loss. Inflammation Control: Regulates sirtuins, which calm the skin and protect against inflammatory pathways. Topical Formulations & Delivery Because pure, exogenous NAD+ is an unstable and large molecule that struggles to penetrate the skin barrier, cosmetic brands primarily utilize two approaches: Advanced Delivery Systems: Incorporating liposomal or encapsulated NAD+ to effectively penetrate the skin layers. NAD+ Precursors: Using building blocks like niacinamide (Vitamin B₃), NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), or NR (nicotinamide riboside). Skin cells readily absorb these smaller molecules and convert them into NAD+ naturally.